The present invention relates to a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating hypercholesterolemia, containing a Cannabis sativa L. stem extract as an active ingredient. A Cannabis sativa L. stem extract of the present invention is not cytotoxic and has the effects of reducing cholesterol amount in hepatocytes, reducing expression amount of genes synthesizing cholesterol, and reducing blood cholesterol amount without any significant weight change in an animal model. Therefore, the composition of the present invention can be effectively used in health functional foods and drugs associated with hypercholesterolemia.
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