NON-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER DETECTION SYSTEM VIA LIQUID AND GASEOUS PHASE ANALYSIS

摘要

A method for detecting a disease state in a subject includes obtaining a liquid biological sample (306) from the subject and placing it into a container (302) and contacting the liquid biological sample (306) with a first chemical sensor element (308), where the first chemical sensor element (308) includes a plurality of discrete graphene varactors (312). The method includes sensing and storing capacitance of each of the discrete graphene varactors (312) to obtain a first sample data set.