NON-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER DETECTION SYSTEM VIA LIQUID AND GASEOUS PHASE ANALYSIS

摘要

Embodiments herein relate to non-invasive bladder cancer detection systems and methods. In an embodiment, a method for detecting a disease state in a subject is included. The method includes obtaining a liquid biological sample from the subject and placing it into a container and contacting the liquid biological sample with a first chemical sensor element, where the first chemical sensor element can include a plurality of discrete graphene varactors. The method can include sensing and storing capacitance of each of the discrete graphene varactors to obtain a first sample data set. Other embodiments are also included herein.