Enhanced Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaic Devices

摘要

A perovskite material having a perovskite crystal lattice having the formula C _x M _y X _z where x , y , and z are real numbers. Bulk organic cations exist on the surface of the perovskite crystal lattice or near grain boundaries. C comprises at least one cation selected from the group consisting of a Group 1 metal, a Group 2 metal, methylammonium, formamidinium, guanidinium, and ethene tetramine. M is Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Hg, Sn, Ge, Ga, Pb, In, Tl, Sb, Bi, Ti, Zn, Cd, respectively. , Hg, and Zr, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof. Each X comprises one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halide, sulfide, selenide, and combinations thereof.