Some embodiments described herein are optionally substituted cycloalkenes for direct conjugation with functionalized molecules of interest, such as polymers, hydrogels, amino acids, nucleosides, nucleotides, peptides, polynucleotides, or proteins. or a substrate having a surface comprising a silane or silane derivative covalently attached to an optionally substituted heterocycloalkene. In some embodiments, the silane or silane derivative comprises an optionally substituted norbornene or norbornene derivative. Methods for preparing functionalized surfaces and uses in DNA sequencing and other diagnostic applications are also disclosed.
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