Disclosed in the present invention are a sluice gate testing apparatus and a testing method based on a phased array ultrasonic flaw detector. The testing apparatus comprises a testing mechanism, the testing mechanism comprising a support frame. A guide wheel and two drive wheels are provided on the bottom of the support frame, the drive wheels being driven by means of a first electric motor, and a controller and a phased array ultrasonic flaw detector are provided on the support frame. During the testing process, a second electric motor drives a rotating platform to rotate, driving a rotating arm to rotate in an upper region of a fan-shaped through hole; simultaneously, a third electric motor drives a leadscrew to rotate, driving a sliding block and an ultrasonic phased array matrix probe to move along the leadscrew in the length direction; that is, while the ultrasonic phased array matrix probe moves in the width direction of a sluice gate, the probe also sweeps at a certain angle, and is thus able to perform testing on a large area of the sluice gate simultaneously; and a testing signal from the ultrasonic phased array flaw detector is passed to the controller. The present invention uses phased array ultrasonic technology, and features high testing efficiency and high testing accuracy.
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