A buffer type retractable fall arrester, comprising: a housing (1) provided with an opening (10); a frame body (2) disposed in the housing (1); a winding device (3) disposed on the frame body (2), a rope being wound up when the winding device (3) rotates in the forward direction, and the rope being released when the winding device (3) rotates in the reverse direction; and an elastic reset member (4) used for driving the winding device (3) to rotate in the forward direction. In addition, multiple pawls (53) are disposed on a fixed member (52), and when a braking device (5) rotates, the multiple pawls (53) are synchronously thrown out to be in contact with ratchet teeth (510), so that the braking speed is quick and the braking reliability is high; moreover, the multiple pawls can equally share the impact force during braking, so that the impact force on the interior of a differential is small and the stability of all parts is high.
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