Process for the production of knock-stable low boiling motor fuels by the hydrogenation of liquid hydrocarbons

摘要

501,318. Destructive hydrogenation. POTTS, H. E. (Naamlooze Vennootschap Internationale Maatschappij voor Hydreerings- Techniek en Chemie (International Hydrogenation Engineering & Chemical Co.)). May 7, 1938, No. 13656. [Class 32] In the production of anti-knock motor fuels by the hydrogenation of liquid hydrocarbons in the vapour phase at temperatures above 380‹ C. and at pressures above 40 atmos. in presence of stationarily arranged catalysts, the hydrogenating gas employed comprises a mixture of hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbons containing more than one carbon atom in the molecule, the volume of the gaseous hydrocarbons .exceeding that of the hydrogen. Catalysts specified comprise sulphides, oxides, phosphates, and halides of metals of Groups 2-8; oxides of zinc, cadmium, magnesium, aluminium, titanium, tin, or of metals of the iron group, preferably with other metals or metal compounds, e.g. nickel tungstate, zinc magnesium molybdate, if desired after treatment with sulphuretted hydrogen ; compounds of the Friedel-craft type ; organic or metal halogen compounds, with or without metal compounds and phosphoric acid; mixtures of aluminium hydroxide, ammonium molybdate, and active carbon ; mixtures of compounds of vanadium and tungsten ; mixtures of copper or zinc nitrate with tungsten or molybdenum sulphide ; alumina and tin or germanium oxide ; mixtures of the metals tin, boron, and tungsten treated with hydrogen sulphide. The catalysts are preferably mounted on carriers, e.g. active carbon, bauxite, Terrana, Florida earth, &c., and may be regenerated by treatment with air and other gases. Middle oil (boiling range 180-325‹ C.) obtained in the synthesis of benzine from carbon monoxide and hydrogen is mixed with 40 per cent by weight of butane and heated with hydrogen under 300 atmos. pressure up to 530‹ C., the hydrogen partial pressure being 70 atmos., so that about 2À5 litres of butane are present per litre of hydrogen. The mixture is then passed over a catalyst comprising oxides of molybdenum, zinc and magnesium. 42 per cent of the middle oil and 24 per cent of the butane are converted into a benzine having an octano number of 69À5.