Improvements in the conversion of oils, their fractions or residues with amounts of oxygen insufficient for complete combustion to form gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen

摘要

855,501. Combustible gases. BADISCHE ANILIN- & SODA-FABRIK A.G. Aug. 29, 1957 [Sept. 8, 1956], No. 27207/57. Drawings to Specification. Class 55 (2). In a process wherein gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced by partial combustion of oils, their fractions or residues, or bars and pitches containing non-vaporizable residues, the starting material is first converted by a thermal treatment into a vaporous and/or a vaporizable fraction and a non-vaporizable fraction and the non-vaporizable fraction is reacted with oxygen, optionally in the presence of steam and/or carbon dioxide, to form a hot carrier gas into which the vaporous and/or vaporizable fraction is introduced, the mixture being led into a fluidized layer of a catalyst at a temperature between 700‹ and 1200‹ C., preferably between 800‹ and 1000‹ C., without the supply of external heat. Suitable catalysts are elements of the 8th group of the Periodic Table, especially nickel, associated with refractory porous materials such as magnesite, chamotte or other siliceous materials. Compounds of elements of the 1st and/or the 2nd group of the Periodic Table and/or of the metals of the iron group may be introduced into the zone where the non-vaporizable fraction is being reacted to inhibit the formation of carbon black. The thermal treatment of the first stage may be a distillation, if necessary in the presence of steam and/or carbon dioxide, at temperatures up to 380‹ C., or it may be a mild thermal decomposition under pressure at temperatures between 400 and 530 ‹ C. In the case of tars and pitches the thermal treatment may be cracking to vaporous products and coke at temperatures between 400‹ and 600‹ C. Solid non- vaporizable fractions are preferably ground before being reacted with oxygen. If this fraction amounts to 25% of the initial material the amount of oxygen employed in the second stage is at least sufficient for complete combustion.