The invention is concerned with a processfor removing heavy metals and/or heavy metalcompounds from the filter dust of refuse incinerators,flue gas dust precipitators and gas-cleaning units,in which the filter dust is heated in a reactionvessel at least up to the vaporisation temperatureof the heavy metals and/or heavy metal compoundswhich are to be removed, the vaporised heavy metalsand/or heavy metal compounds are then quenched in acooler and converted to a liquid or solid state, andremoved. The process of the invention is characterizedin that before the vaporization of the heavymetals and/or heavy metal compounds to be removed,superfine dust particles with a particle sizesmaller than 5µm are separated in a cold state fromthe filter dust by mechanical, hydraulic or pneumaticmeans or by filtration, and the remaining filterdust fraction is fed to the reaction vessel.
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