METHOD FOR REALISING THE VORTEX GRINDING OF A MATERIAL AND GAS-DYNAMICS DEVICE FOR GRINDING SAID MATERIAL

摘要

1. A method for the vortex grinding of a bulk material, comprising injecting an energy-carrier into a grinding chamber at an angle to the axis of the grinding zone forming a high-speed vortex, introducing a starting material by feeding it into the vortex flow and removing the ground material together with the energy-carrier, characterized in that the high-speed vortex is formed inside as a toroidal vortex with mainly spiral flow lines starting at a tore axis and ending at its axial circumference, the chamber is formed by two preferably toroidal surfaces having a common center and symmetry axis: by the outer surface in which the radius of the toroidal circumference is equal to the radius of the axial tore circumference tapered in the central zone from the side of the equatorial plane between the tore center and the plane perpendicular to its axis forming an orifice, and the inner surface having partially permeable borders in which the radius of the toroidal circumference is less than the radius of the tore-forming circumference of the outer surface, and radii of their axial circumferences are almost equal, injecting high-pressure profiled flow of the energy-carrier together with the starting material inside the chamber along its axis to the center and removing the ground material together with the gas connecting said chamber via the inner toroidal surface with the outer atmosphere. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a second flow is formed opposite to the main flow of the energy-carrier symmetrically relative to the equatorial plane and determining the balance of the energy-carrier consumption so as not to disturb the main vortex flow and the starting material is fed into the chamber together with both inlet flows of the energy-carrier or only with one of them. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a coagulation of the finest size fractions of the material - starting and being on the intermediate stage of grinding - is performed in the central part of the toroidal chamber in the vicinity of its axis. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a laminar structure of the material distribution is destroyed in the central part of the grinding chamber in the vicinity of its axis. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a zone of a periodic change of an energy-carrier/starting material density is created in the central zone of the grinding chamber in the vicinity of its axis. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional discharge outlet of the energy-carrier and the ground material is provided on the outer toroidal surface and a source of acoustic radiation in the form of an annular slot symmetrical relative to the axis, or specially located orifices thus creating turning the flow in the zone of said orifices outside the chamber at an acute angle to the flow for providing a local centrifugal separation. 7. A device for a vortex grinding of a material, comprising a body (6) with means for supplying the starting material, external supply ducts for the energy-carrier at an angle to the radius of the grinding zone forming a high-velocity vortex and drawing the starting material in the vortex flow, external transport ducts for the finished product - a ground material with outgoing flow of the energy-carrier, as well as a plurality of elements for separating and removing the ground material from the gas, characterized in that the grinding chamber is formed by two toroidal surfaces having a common center and axis, the outer toroidal surface is designed with a remote central zone of the body from the center to its axial aperture from the side of equatorial plane, the radius of the toroidal circumference is equal to the radius of the axial tore circumference a nozzle is provided before the axial orifice generating the energy-carrier flow into the chamber following the axis thereof towards its center; the inner toroidal surface the axial circumference of which almost coincide with the axial circumference of the grinding chamber, has through extraction orifices connected to the discharge ducts. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that a target is provided symmetrically to the inlet nozzle and opposite it on the surface of the tapered central zone of the toroidal surface, the target is a disc-shaped contiguous to the inner surface of the grinding chamber and is made of a high-strength material. 9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that a conical-shaped element is provided symmetrically to the inlet nozzle and opposite it on the surface of the tapered central zone of the toroidal surface, the element apex is directed towards the inlet nozzle. 10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that comprises a second inlet nozzle generating a countercurrent flow of the energy-carrier with a suspended material, said nozzle is mounted on the chamber axis opposite the first nozzle, the edge of the outlet orifice of said nozzle is contiguous to the toroidal inner surface of the grinding chamber. 11. The device according to claim 7 and 10, characterized in that the diameter of the outlet orifice of that nozzle is less than the diameter of the target or cone base, respectively. 12. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that a screen-nozzle is provided in the grinding chamber. 13. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that an inclined conical slot with bridges or a plurality of small inclined orifices is provided in the body of the device, the axes of which pass through the circumference with the center on the grinding chamber axis equidistantly spaced along its length and cross at one point on the chamber axis, wherein the slot and the orifices are inclined to the side, opposite to the flow movement and the angle of their inclination to the toroidal surface at the point of their conjugation is not more than 45 degree . 14. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that a rectilinear boosting duct is provided before the inlet nozzle of the grinding chamber connected at its end to the inlet nozzle.