The present invention provides a superior method of diagnosing Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in men comprising measuring levels of cytokines in semen or components or fractions of semen. The invention also provides a method of treating a condition associated with elevated levels of a cytokine, such as TNF-alpha, in semen or a component or fraction thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an ant-cytokine compound or composition, such as an anti-TNF-alpha compound or composition.
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