Modified cellulosic fibers are formed by (1) esterifying cellulosic fibers with a 1,2-disubstituted alkene that has at least one carboxylic acid group reactive with cellulosic hydroxyl groups and (2) oxidizing the esterified fibers to form aldehyde groups. The modified fibers are useful in paper products, which tend to have temporary wet strength. Strength additives may be included in the paper product to impart a higher level of temporary wet strength or permanent wet strength.
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