The present invention relates to MoSi2-based high-temperature oxidation-resistant and heating materials having excellent anti-brittleness, containing an MoSi2 base material, or a base material containing 70% by weight or more MoSi2 as the main component, in which the diffraction strength at the principal peak of Si (2 = 28.440 DEG , by JCPDS) by the X-ray diffraction (Cu K alpha ) of the base material is at largest 1/100 of the diffraction strength at the principal peak of MoSi2 (2 = 44.684 DEG ) ; and the diffraction strength at the principal peak of Mo5Si3 (2 = 38.405 DEG , by JCPDS) is 1/300 or more and 1/100 or less of the diffraction strength at the principal peak of MoSi2 (2 = 44.684 DEG ). IMAGE
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