The present invention provides methods for identifying relationships between gene expression and protein modifications in a cell by determining gene expression generated in the cell, determining protein modifications generated in the cell, and coordinating the gene expression and protein modifications generated in the cell. Also provided by the present invention is a computer system for identifying such a relationship between gene expression and protein modifications. The present inventive methods and computer systems are useful for investigating a variety of physiological or pathophysiological processes, including metabolic pathways, typing of diseased cells, and identifying biological activities of test materials.
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