A biological sample observation system wherein the fluorescence intensity of living cells and the like can be measured accurately in real time, and damage to the living cells can be reduced, and a biological sample observation method using the system are provided. A biological sample observation system for observing change with time in a biological sample being cultured, comprises: a culturing space where an inside environment is maintained at a predetermined level, and the biological sample is cultured under the environment; a buffering space which is formed outside of the culturing space to relieve the effect on the culturing space from the outside of the space, and which is substantially separated from the outside; and a detector which observes the biological sample inside the culturing space through at least a part of the buffering space.
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