Culverts on roads heaving With FOUNDATION

摘要

1.u0432u043eu0434u043eu043fu0440u043eu043fu0443u0441u043au043du0430u00a0 pipe on the road, u043fu0443u0447u0438u043du0438u0441u0442u044bu043c basis, u0432u043au043bu044eu0447u0430u044eu0449u0430u00a0 u0432u043eu0434u043eu043fu0440u043eu0432u043eu0434u00a0u0449u0438u0439 tract of precast concrete elements, u0442u0435u043fu043bu043eu0437u0430u0449u0438u0442u043du044bu0439 screen the pipes, lines and strengthening the u0431u044cu0435u0444u043eu0432, u043eu0442u043bu0438u0447u0430u044eu0449u0430u00a0u0441u00a0, u0442u0435u043fu043bu043eu0437u0430u0449u0438u0442u043du044bu0439 screen made of a high thermal resistance and load u0441u043fu043eu0441 u043eu0431u043du043eu0441u0442u044cu044e artificial material, such as styrofoamlocated directly under the pipe or the pipes or done over the protective layer and has a width not less than the width of the halo u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0 soil at the tube at the level of its u0440u0430u0441u043fu043eu043bu043eu0436u0435u043du0438u00a0 and the thickness u0442u0435u043fu043bu043eu0437u0430u0449u0438u0442u043du043eu0433u043e screen is equivalent to u0441u043bu043eu00a0 method, the thickness of the calculated u0441u043bu043eu00a0 u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0 groo u043du0442u0430 u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 pipe defined condition;dfoidfi - dufi,;where dfoi - thickness calculated u0441u043bu043eu00a0 u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0 soil u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 pipes (i - m section of its length, u043fu043eu0434u043bu0435u0436u0430u0449u0430u00a0 equivalent replacement (compensation), thermal shield m;;dfi - u0440u0430u0441u0447u0435u0442u043du0430u00a0 depth of seasonal u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0 u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 pipes in the ground, and in the absence of u0442u0435u043fu043bu043eu0437u0430u0449u0438u0442u043du043eu0433u043e screen, m;;dufi - u043fu0440u0435u0434u0435u043bu044cu043du0430u00a0 on condition of pipe soil depth u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0 u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 under thermal screen (i - m and the lengths of pipe (m), u043au043eu0442u043eu0440u0430u00a0 defined for u0432u0438u0441u0438u043cu043eu0441u0442u044cu044e:;where qri - u0440u0430u0441u0447u0435u0442u043du0430u00a0 power vertical u0434u0430u0432u043bu0435u043du0438u00a0 soil embankment, u0434u0435u0439u0441u0442u0432u0443u044eu0449u0430u00a0 1 engos. pipe length (determined by the reliability factor for the load (f = 0.9), kn / m;;qTi - calculated weight 1 engos. m pipes (given the weight of foundation, kn / m), a factor of reliability on the load (f = 0.9.;the estimated value of the unit normal force cold u043fu0443u0447u0435u043du0438u00a0 soil u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 pipes, kpa / m (kn / m3).;bTi - u0440u0430u0441u0447u0435u0442u043du0430u00a0 width (outer diameter) tube or the soles of her foundation, m;;c - the working conditions (0.9).;n is the ratio of (1.1).;2. on u043eu0442u043bu0438u0447u0430u044eu0449u0430u00a0u0441u00a0 u0432u043eu0434u043eu043fu0440u043eu043fu0443u0441u043au043du0430u00a0 pipe 1, so that, in the case of the calculation of the maximum permissible u0434u0435u0444u043eu0440u043cu0430u0446u0438u00a0u043c u043fu0440u0435u0434u0435u043bu044cu043du0430u00a0 depth u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0 soil u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 under heat the protective screen of the ufi (m) defined condition;where dufi - u043fu0440u0435u0434u0435u043bu044cu043du0430u00a0 on condition of pipes (corresponds to the beginning of u043fu0435u0440u0435u043cu0435u0449u0435u043du0438u00a0 u0441u043eu043eu0440u0443u0436u0435u043du0438u00a0 up) the depth of soil u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0 u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 under thermal acre an (i - m and the lengths of the pipes, m;;husi is the importance of the joint deformation (u043fu043eu0434u043du00a0u0442u0438u00a0) u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 and most manipulative element (link) the pipes under the influence of cold u043fu0443u0447u0435u043du0438 u00a0, m;;moi - weighted average module u043fu0443u0447u0435u043du0438u00a0 (the proportion of units) in the zone of u0444u043eu0440u043cu0438u0440u043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 limit deformation husi established dependency.;here mi, hi, respectively u043fu0443u0447u0435u043du0438u00a0 module (the proportion of units) and the thickness (m) of i-th u0441u043bu043eu00a0 soil zone u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0 u043eu0441u043du043eu0432u0430u043du0438u00a0 pipes of maximum permissible deformations ( u0434u043du00a0u0442u0438u0435) husi most manipulative element (link) u0441u043eu043eu0440u0443u0436u0435u043du0438u00a0.;3. on u043eu0442u043bu0438u0447u0430u044eu0449u0430u00a0u0441u00a0 u0432u043eu0434u043eu043fu0440u043eu043fu0443u0441u043au043du0430u00a0 pipe 1, so that, in the case of the device u0442u0435u043fu043bu043eu0437u0430u0449u0438u0442u043du043eu0433u043e screen of u0432u043eu0434u043eu043fu0440u043eu043du0438u0446u0430u0435u043cu043eu0433u043e (u0433u0438u0434u0440u043eu0444u0438u043bu044cu043du043eu0433u043e) material is coated with u0433u0438u0434u0440u043eu0444u043eu0431u043du044bu043c with u043eu0441u0442u0430u0432u043eu043c, e.g. epoxy resin, or enclosed in a shell of u0433u0438u0434u0440u043eu0438u0437u043eu043bu00a0u0446u0438u043eu043du043du043eu0433u043e material, for example of plastic film.;4. u0432u043eu0434u043eu043fu0440u043eu043fu0443u0441u043au043du0430u00a0 pipe on any of the u043fu043f.1 and 2, u043eu0442u043bu0438u0447u0430u044eu0449u0430u00a0u0441u00a0, depending on the u043fu043eu043bu043eu0436u0435u043du0438u00a0 design front u043fu0440u043eu043cu0435u0440u0437u0430u043du0438u00a0, u0442u0435u043fu043bu043eu0437u0430u0449u0438u0442u043du044bu0439 screen can be executed a continuous length of pipe or u0441u043eu0441u0442u043eu00a0u0449u0438u043c two parts with their location on the input and output sections of u0432u043eu0434u043eu043fu0440u043eu0432u043eu0434u00a0u0449u0435u0433u043e tract u0441u043eu043eu0440u0443u0436u0435u043du0438u00a0.