A river sediment removing apparatus is provided to clear sediment stacked on a riverbed, to clean the river, and to keep a river ecosystem clean by installing a sediment transport unit along a bank and directing the sediment to the outside. A river sediment removing apparatus comprises a bank(10), a pollutant transport unit(20), and anti flotation covers(30). The bank has a horizontal part(11), a vertical part(12) vertically formed on the horizontal part, and a front end part(13) fixed in the bottom of the river. The sediment transport unit includes a foundation block(21) having a mounting groove(21a) and a through hole(21b), a casing(22) inserted in the foundation block, a transport screw for moving the sediment inserted in the casing to a discharging part, a discharging pipe(24) for discharging the sediment moved by a transport screw to the outside, and a rock filtration cover for covering the transport screw. The anti flotation covers are fixed at the horizontal part by anchors.
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