A key management method for providing secure communication on a P2P network and an apparatus for managing the key are provided to authenticate ownership of a public key safely by using an authentication method using a PK1-based structure. A message receiving process is performed to receive a file search request message transmitted from a first peer of a P2P network. A search process is performed to search the presence of the file requested in the message receiving process. A file search response message composition process is performed to compose a file search response message including internet protocol address and public key data of a second peer for storing the corresponding file when the file is searched in the search process. A transmission process is performed to transmit the composed response message to the first peer.
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