Embodiments of the present invention relate to compositions, methods and apparatus for detection of antiviral agent resistance or sensitivity of a virus. In some embodiments, antiviral agent resistance or sensitivity of influenza types, such as A, B and C may be identified. In more embodiments, sub-types such as the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A may be analyzed for antiviral agent resistance or sensitivity. In a particular embodiment, the various strains of influenza virus may be analyzed for resistance or sensitivity using DNA microarray analysis designed to target a gene segment. In various embodiments, a microarray-based assay system with capture and detection (label) probes may be utilized to identify a change in a gene segment that confers resistance or sensitivity to an antiviral agent of an influenza strain.
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