Amplifier networks with controlled common-mode level and converter systems for use therewith

摘要

Effective control of the common-mode level of amplifiers is obtained through control structures (both closed-loop and open-loop structures) which are directed to various amplifier functions such as the reduction of amplifier loading, accurate sensing of common-mode levels, mitigation of headroom restraints, and proper transistor biasing. This common-mode control is especially useful in multiplying analog-to-digital converters (MDACs) of signal processing systems.