A modified microfibrillated cellulose, a resin composition and a resin composite material that contain the modified microfibrillated cellulose are provided. In a modified microfibrillated cellulose according to the present invention, a hydrolyzable-silyl-group-containing resin (A) bonds to or adheres to a cellulose surface and a silicon atom content is 0.01 to 0.5 atomic percent. A resin composition containing 0.1% to 10% by weight of the modified microfibrillated cellulose is also provided.
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