Voltage-controlled oscillators and related systems

摘要

Apparatus are provided for voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and related systems. An exemplary VCO includes an active-circuit arrangement employing cross-coupled amplifying elements that facilitate generation of an oscillating signal, plus a resonator arrangement capacitively coupled via resonator terminals to primary terminals of the active-circuit arrangement, to influence an oscillation frequency of the oscillating signal based on a difference between control voltages applied to first and second control terminals of the resonator arrangement. When employing bipolar amplifying elements their control terminals are cross-coupled to the opposing resonator terminals. VCO output may be taken from the primary terminals or from the resonator terminals.