A flat panel active electronically scanned array (AESA) (1) includes heterogeneous integrated circuit DC DC voltage converters (3) periodically placed on array elements (2). A heterogeneous integrated circuit (100 400 500 600) includes a voltage converter (101 ) configured to receive an input voltage (Vi) and to convert the input voltage to an output voltage (Vo) that is different from the input voltage the voltage converter (101) comprising an analog and/or digital PWM circuit (104). The heterogeneous integrated circuit (100 400 500 600) also includes a feedback circuit (103) configured to receive the output voltage (Vo) and to generate a control signal used to vary a pulse width of a PWM signal generated by the analog and/or digital PWM circuit (104). The digital PWM circuit (104) is implemented in a heterogeneous integrated circuit (100 400 500 600) fabricated on a common substrate (606) using CMOS and GaN fabrication processes.
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