A hybrid ultracapacitor-battery energy storage system is integrated with a photovoltaic system to help solve fluctuations. A fuzzy-logic-based adaptive power management system enables optimization of the power/energy distributions and a filter-based power coordination layer serving as a rudimentary step for power coordination among the hybrid storage system and a fuzzy-logic-based control adjustment layer that keeps monitoring the operation status of all the energy storage devices, taking into account their dynamic characteristics, and fine-tuning the control settings adaptively.
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