The present invention relates to an agricultural hydrology water gate open device that is particularly configured to include a main body (1) constituted by both side plates (11, 11), a lower plate (12), an installation frame(13) for connecting both side plates (11, 11), and an installation plate (14) installed between one side plate (11) and the installation frame (13); an opening water gate (16) installed by a hinge (15) so as to be open above the lower plate (12); a wire (18), one end of which is connected to the opening water gate (16) and the other end of which is wound around a winding drum (17); a rotary transmission gear unit (2) that is connected to a drum rotary shaft (19) of the winding drum (17) and is responsible for rotation shift; a ratchet rod (22) that controls the rotation of a ratchet gear (21) connected to the rotary transmission gear (2); a presser (23) that presses one end of the ratchet rod (22) to maintain a catching state with the ratchet gear (21); and an actuator (a) that reacts depending on a water level to release the catching state between the ratchet gear (21) and the ratchet rod (22), wherein the actuator (a) includes a flow rate detecting unit (a2); a regulation releasing unit (a1); and a vertical receiver (a3). Accordingly, the present invention allows the opening water gate to be automatically opened to discharge the rainwater by the water level rise and its inflow flow rate, when a large amount of rain water suddenly flows into the water gate due to a rainy season and a heavy rain.
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