Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrology of a Small Brazilian Headwater Catchment Using the Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model

摘要

Climate change is one of the greatest issues for human society. The objective of this study is to assess the impacts of future climate change on seasonal average discharge and monthly water budget in a small headwater catchment, located on the Grande River basin, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The assessment is carried out using the hydrology model, DHSVM. The atmospheric forcing to drive the Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model (DHSVM) is derived from the downscaling of the HadGEM2-ES projections by the Eta Regional Climate Model, at 5-km high resolution. The projections assume the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 IPCC AR5 emission scenarios. Baseline period was taken between 1961 and 1990. The projections are assessed in three time slices (2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2099). The climate change is assessed in time slices of 30 years and in comparison against the baseline period to evaluate the hydrological changes in the catchment. The results showed differences in the hydrological behavior between the emission scenarios and though time slices. Reductions in the magnitude of the seasonal average discharge and monthly water budget may alter the water availability. Under the RCP4.5 scenario, results show greater reductions in the water availability in the first time slice, whereas under RCP8.5 scenario greater reductions are indicated in the third time slice.