A coal mining method with digging, mining and filling parallel operations under the control of cover rock cracks and surface subsidence. Stope transportation roadways, stope branch roadways and double-wing mining chambers (3) are disposed in a stope, wherein the stope transportation roadways and the stope branch roadways are transportation roadways, and coal mining is carried out in the double-wing mining chambers (3). All the double-wing mining chambers (3) are sequentially exploited and are sequentially timely filled, two sides of each double-wing mining chamber (3) are supported by unexploited coal or the filled double-wing mining chamber (3) to control a top board, and the length of each of the double-wing mining chambers (3) and the number of one-stage filled double-wing mining chambers are controlled to realize the zero (less) support of the double-wing mining chambers (3), so as to finally realize non-pillar mining. The method reduces the support engineering amount of the double-wing mining chambers, reduces the number of filled airtight walls, realizes digging, mining and filling parallel operations, can effectively control the mining cover rock cracks and surface subsidence and realizes water resource protection mining (water conservation mining) and safe and efficient stoping of coal under buildings, railways and water.
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