The present disclosure provides methods for treating a disease or disorder by administering a programmed recombinant bacterial cell to a subject, wherein the programmed recombinant bacterial cell expresses a heterologous gene in response to an exogenous environmental condition in the subject, and wherein the programmed recombinant bacterial cell is no longer viable after either sensing the presence or absence of the same or a different exogenous environmental signal, which ultimately leads to the expression of a toxin which kills the recombinant bacterial cell. The disclosure further comprises the programmed recombinant bacterial cells, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the programmed recombinant bacterial cells.
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