Provided is a metal nanoparticle/nanocellulose composite-based enzyme-free glucose electrochemical sensor, comprising a three-electrode system composed of a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode. The surface of the working electrode is covered with a nanocellulose/metal nanoparticle composite, and the surface of the nanocellulose is modified with a strong cation conductive polymer. A corresponding preparation method for the sensor comprises: modifying the surface of nanocellulose with the strong cation conductive polymer; then in-situ depositing the metal nanoparticles onto the surface thereof, so as to prepare the nanocellulose/metal nanoparticle composite; and modifying the working electrode with the composite. The working electrode improves the sensitivity and selectivity for glucose analysis, so that the sensor has high sensitivity, quick response, stable performance and strong anti-interference capability. The linear detection range for glucose is 4 ì M-15 mM and the detection limit is 1.4 ì M. The preparation method therefor is simple and low in cost, and no enzyme is introduced during the preparation.
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