An air traffic flow management method based on big data, used for at least one flight in a controlled airspace, comprising the following steps: S1 collecting aerial data and acquiring a flow threshold value; S2 acquiring an optimal flight departure time corresponding to the flight; S3 acquiring flight operating variables corresponding to the flight; S4 on the basis of the flight operating variables, acquiring an air traffic flow value corresponding to the flight operating variables; and S5 comparing the air traffic flow value with the flow threshold value, and when the two match, selecting the optimal flight departure time as a designated flight departure time. By means of this method, usage of a controlled airspace is estimated in advance, and existing flight departure times are thus adjusted, optimizing air traffic operational efficiency. An air traffic flow management system based on big data, comprising: a flow threshold value unit, which acquires and obtains a flow threshold value; an optimal flight departure time unit, which acquires an optimal flight departure time corresponding to a flight; a flight operation variable unit, which acquires flight operation variables corresponding to the optimal flight departure time; an air traffic flow unit, which acquires an air traffic flow value; and an analysis unit, which analyzes and compares the air traffic flow value with the flow threshold value to obtain analysis results. The present system analyzes aerial data, estimates usage of a controlled airspace in advance, and thus adjusts the departure times of each flight, optimizing air traffic operational efficiency.
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