Disclosed are a flame-retardant composition having excellent permeation into a porous structure of wood and a flame-retardant treatment method using the same. The flame-retardant composition includes: at least one organic phosphate selected from a group comprising (nitrilotris (methylene)) triphosphonic acid ammonium salt and dimethyl methylphosphonate; a penetrant including a glycol ether compound indicated in Chemical formula 2 below; a hydroxy silicone compound precursor indicated in Chemical formula 3 below; and water as a solvent. [Chemical formula 2] In Chemical formula 2, n is a natural number from 1 to 3. [Chemical formula 3] H2N-R1-Si(OR2)3, In Chemical formula 3, R1 is an alkyl radical, of which the carbon number is from 1 to 5, including at least one amine radical, and R2 is independently an alkyl group, with a carbon number from 1 to 3.
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