Probiotics in aquaculture - a review - Winter school on recent advances in diagnosis and management of diseases in mariculture, 7th to 27th November 2002, Course Manual

摘要

Aquaculture is a nuiltidisciplinary activity, more complex, than agriculture due to |udthe multidimensional aquatic medium. The aquaculture boom and increasedudsocioeconomic benefits together with increase in extent and intensity of aquaculture areud alleged to have created several problems, particularly those of deteriorating water and soiludquality and outbreak of diseases (Kutty, 1999). For example, the global production ofudfarmed shrimp has doubled in the past 15 years. India has also witnessed suchudspectacular growth in shrimp farming until the mid nineties, after which it became besetudwith disease and environmental problems. Overstocking, overfeeding and excessive useudof antibiotics during farming are some of the reasons attributed to the outbreak of shrimpuddiseases. Even by the year 2001, a total solution to the problem has evaded the scientistsudand policy makers. But what has been recognised now by scientists and policy makers isudthat aquaculture must be environmentally friendly so that it can sustain itself withoutudseriously affecting the coastal ecosystem. In other words, the ecological footprint ofudaquaculture must be sufficiently small so as to ensure sustainability.