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Bacterial Colonization of Pellet Softening Reactors Used during Drinking Water Treatment

机译:饮用水处理过程中使用的颗粒软化反应器的细菌定殖

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摘要

Pellet softening reactors are used in centralized and decentralized drinking water treatment plants for the removal of calcium (hardness) through chemically induced precipitation of calcite. This is accomplished in fluidized pellet reactors, where a strong base is added to the influent to increase the pH and facilitate the process of precipitation on an added seeding material. Here we describe for the first time the opportunistic bacterial colonization of the calcite pellets in a full-scale pellet softening reactor and the functional contribution of these colonizing bacteria to the overall drinking water treatment process. ATP analysis, advanced microscopy, and community fingerprinting with denaturing gradient gel electrophoretic (DGGE) analysis were used to characterize the biomass on the pellets, while assimilable organic carbon (AOC), dissolved organic carbon, and flow cytometric analysis were used to characterize the impact of the biological processes on drinking water quality. The data revealed pellet colonization at concentrations in excess of 500 ng of ATP/g of pellet and reactor biomass concentrations as high as 220 mg of ATP/m3 of reactor, comprising a wide variety of different microorganisms. These organisms removed as much as 60% of AOC from the water during treatment, thus contributing toward the biological stabilization of the drinking water. Notably, only a small fraction (about 60,000 cells/ml) of the bacteria in the reactors was released into the effluent under normal conditions, while the majority of the bacteria colonizing the pellets were captured in the calcite structures of the pellets and were removed as a reusable product.
机译:颗粒软化反应器用于集中式和分散式饮用水处理厂,用于通过化学诱导的方解石沉淀去除钙(硬度)。这是在流化颗粒反应器中完成的,在该反应器中,将强碱添加到进水中以增加pH值并促进在添加的接种材料上的沉淀过程。在这里,我们首次描述了方解石颗粒在全尺寸颗粒软化反应器中的机会细菌定植以及这些定殖细菌对整个饮用水处理过程的功能贡献。使用ATP分析,高级显微镜和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析社区指纹来表征沉淀物上的生物量,同时使用可吸收有机碳(AOC),溶解有机碳和流式细胞仪分析来表征影响过程对饮用水质量的影响数据显示,在超过500 ng ATP / g沉淀物的浓度下,沉淀物定居,反应器生物质浓度高达220 mg ATP / m3反应器,其中包括多种不同的微生物。这些生物在处理过程中从水中去除了多达60%的AOC,从而有助于饮用水的生物稳定。值得注意的是,在正常条件下,反应器中只有一小部分细菌(约60,000个细胞/ ml)释放到流出物中,而定植在小球中的大多数细菌则被捕获在小球的方解石结构中,并被去除。可重复使用的产品。

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