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Novel redox-sensing modules: Accessory protein- and nucleic acid-mediated signaling

机译:新型氧化还原传感模块:蛋白质和核酸介导的辅助信号传导

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摘要

SIGNIFICANCE: Organisms have evolved both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways to prevent oxidative damage to essential macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids. Pathways modulated by different protein-based sensory and regulatory modules ensure a rapid and appropriate response. RECENT ADVANCES: In contrast to classical two-component systems that possess internal sensory and regulatory modules, an accessory protein-dependent redox-signaling system has been recently characterized in bacteria. This system senses extracellular iron-mediated oxidative stress signals via an extracellularly located protein (HbpS). In vivo and in vitro studies allowed the elucidation of molecular mechanisms governing this system. Moreover, recent studies show that nucleic acids may also participate in redox-signaling during antioxidative stress response. CRITICAL ISSUES: Research for novel redox-signaling systems is often focused on known types of sensory and regulatory modules. It is also often considered that the oxidative attack of macromolecules, leading to modification and degradation processes, is the final step during oxidative stress. However, recent studies have demonstrated that oxidatively modified macromolecules can be intermediary states in the process of redox-signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Analyses of adjacent regions of genes encoding for known sensory and regulatory modules can identify potential accessory modules that may increase the complexity of sensing systems. Despite the fact that the involvement of DNA-mediated signaling in the modulation of one bacterial regulator protein has been analyzed in detail, further studies are necessary to identify additional regulators. Given the role of DNA in oxidative-stress response, it is tempting to hypothesize that RNA modules may also mediate redox-signaling.
机译:意义:生物已经进化了酶促途径和非酶促途径,以防止对必需的大分子(包括蛋白质和核酸)的氧化损伤。由基于蛋白质的不同感觉和调节模块调节的途径可确保快速而适当的反应。最新进展:与具有内部感觉和调节模块的经典两组分系统相反,最近在细菌中表征了一种依赖蛋白质的辅助氧化还原信号系统。该系统通过细胞外定位蛋白(HbpS)感知细胞外铁介导的氧化应激信号。体内和体外研究可以阐明控制该系统的分子机制。此外,最近的研究表明,核酸在抗氧化应激反应期间也可能参与氧化还原信号的传递。关键问题:新型氧化还原信号系统的研究通常集中在已知类型的感觉和调节模块上。通常还认为,导致修饰和降解过程的大分子的氧化攻击是氧化应激过程中的最后一步。然而,最近的研究表明,氧化修饰的大分子可以在氧化还原信号的过程中处于中间状态。未来的方向:对编码已知传感和调控模块的基因的相邻区域进行分析,可以识别出可能增加传感系统复杂性的潜在辅助模块。尽管已经详细分析了DNA介导的信号传导参与一种细菌调节蛋白的调节的事实,但仍需要进一步的研究来鉴定其他调节剂。考虑到DNA在氧化应激反应中的作用,很容易假设RNA模块也可能介导氧化还原信号。

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