One of the most challenging tasks facing development agencies, trade ministries, environmental groups, social activists and forest-focused business interests seeking to ameliorate illegal logging and related timber trade is to identify and nurture promising global governance interventions capable of helping improve compliance to governmental policies and laws at national, subnational and local levels. This question is especially acute for developing countries constrained by capacity challenges and “weak states” (Risse, 2011). This chapter seeks to shed light on this task by asking four related questions: How do we understand the emergence of illegal logging as a matter of global interest? What are the types of global interventions designed to improve domestic legal compliance? How have individual states responded to these global efforts? What are the prospects for future impacts and evolution?ududWe proceed in the following steps. Following this introduction, step two reviews how the problem of “illegal logging” emerged on the international agenda. Step three reviews leading policy interventions that resulted from this policy framing. Step four reviews developments in selected countries/regions around the world according to their place on the global forest products supply chain: consumers (United States, Europe and Australia); middle of supply chain manufacturers (China and South Korea) and producers (Russia; Indonesia; Brazil and Peru; Ghana, Cameroon and the Republic of Congo). We conclude by reflecting on key trends that emerge from this review relevant for understanding the conditions through which legality might make a difference in addressing critical challenges.
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机译:寻求改善非法采伐及相关木材贸易的发展机构,贸易部,环保组织,社会活动家和以森林为中心的商业利益团体面临的最具挑战性的任务之一是,确定并培育有前途的全球治理干预措施,以帮助改善对政府政策的遵守情况以及国家,地方以下和地方各级的法律。对于受能力挑战和“弱国”约束的发展中国家,这个问题尤为严重(Risse,2011年)。本章试图通过提出四个相关问题来阐明这一任务:作为全球利益问题,我们如何理解非法采伐的出现?旨在改善国内法律合规性的全球干预类型有哪些?各个州如何应对这些全球性努力?未来影响和发展的前景如何? ud ud我们按以下步骤进行。介绍之后,第二步回顾了“非法采伐”问题如何在国际议程上出现。第三步回顾了此政策框架导致的主要政策干预措施。第四步根据其在全球林产品供应链中的位置,回顾全球特定国家/地区的发展情况:消费者(美国,欧洲和澳大利亚);供应链制造商(中国和韩国)和生产商(俄罗斯,印度尼西亚,巴西和秘鲁;加纳,喀麦隆和刚果共和国)的中间市场。作为总结,我们总结了这次审查中出现的关键趋势,这些趋势与理解合法性可能在应对关键挑战方面有所作为的条件有关。
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