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The Andes Cordillera. Part IV: spatio-temporal freshwater run-off distribution to adjacent seas (1979-2014)

机译:安第斯山脉。第四部分:邻近海域的时空淡水径流分布(1979-2014)

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摘要

The spatio-temporal freshwater river run-off pattern from individual basins, including their run-off magnitude and change (1979/1980–2013/2014), was simulated for the Andes Cordillera west of the Continental Divide in an effort to understand run-off variations and freshwater fluxes to adjacent fjords, Pacific Ocean, and Drake Passage. The modelling tool SnowModel/HydroFlow was applied to simulate river run-off at 3-h intervals to resolve the diurnal cycle and at 4-km horizontal grid increments using atmospheric forcing from NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data sets. Simulated river run-off hydrographs were verified against independent observed hydrographs. For the domain, 86% of the simulated run-off originated from rain, 12% from snowmelt, and 2% from ice melt, whereas for Chile, the water-source distribution was 69, 24, and 7%, respectively. Along the Andes Cordillera, the 35-year mean basin outlet-specific run-off (L s−1 km−2) showed a characteristic regional hourglass shape pattern with highest run-off in both Colombia and Ecuador and in Patagonia, and lowest run-off in the Atacama Desert area. An Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis identified correlations between the spatio-temporal pattern of run-off and flux to the El Niño Southern Oscillation Index and to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
机译:模拟了各个流域的时空淡水径流格局,包括径流的大小和变化(1979 / 1980-2013 / 2014),目的是为了了解大陆分界线以西的安第斯山脉山脉,远离邻近峡湾,太平洋和德雷克海峡的变化和淡水通量。应用建模工具SnowModel / HydroFlow,以3小时的间隔模拟河流径流,以利用NASA现代研究与应用回顾分析(MERRA)数据的大气强迫来解析昼夜周期和4 km水平网格增量套。对照独立观测​​的水文图对模拟的河流径流水文图进行了验证。在该地区,模拟径流的86%来自雨水,12%来自融雪,2%来自融冰,而智利的水源分配分别为69、24和7%。沿着安第斯山脉,流域出口平均35年平均径流量(L s-1 km-2)显示了一个特征性的区域沙漏形状模式,哥伦比亚和厄瓜多尔以及巴塔哥尼亚的径流量最高。在阿塔卡马沙漠地区。经验正交函数分析确定了径流的时空格局和通量与厄尔尼诺南方涛动指数和太平洋年代际涛动之间的相关性。

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