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Technical Change and the Wage Structure During the Second Industrial Revolution : Evidence from the Merchant Marine, 1865-1912

机译:技术变革与第二次工业革命期间的工资结构:来自商船的证据,1865-1912

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摘要

Using a large, individual-level wage data set, we examine the impact of a major technological innovation u2013 the steam engine u2013 on skill demand and the wage structure in the merchant shipping industry. We find that the technical change created a new demand for skilled workers, the engineers, while destroying demand for workers with skills relevant only to sail. It had a deskilling effect on production work u2013 able-bodied seamen (essentially, artisans) were replaced by unskilled engine room operatives. On the other hand, mates and ablebodied seamen employed on steam earned a premium relative to their counterparts on sail. A wholesale switch from sail to steam would increase the 90/10 wage ratio by 40%, with most of the rise in inequality coming from the creation of the engineer occupation.
机译:我们使用庞大的个人级别工资数据集,研究了一项重大技术创新对蒸汽船业的技能需求和工资结构的影响。我们发现,技术变革对技术工人(即工程师)产生了新的需求,同时破坏了对仅具有航海技能的工人的需求。它对生产工作产生了不利影响。 u2013健全的船员(本质上是工匠)被不熟练的机舱操作员所取代。另一方面,受雇于蒸汽的伴侣和身体强壮的海员比起同行的船员赚得溢价。从帆向蒸汽的批发转变将使90/10的工资比率增加40%,其中不平等的增加大部分来自于工程师职业的建立。

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