Effetti dell'allenamento intermittente breve ad alta intensità e delle ripetute aerobiche sul Test Repeated Sprint Ability in giovani calciatori d'elite

摘要

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of two different training methods:udthe repeated aerobic bouts and the short intermittent high intensity workout on theudability to carry out repeated sprint bouts RSA in a group of young soccer players andudalso to determine the impact of training on aerobic and neuromuscular performances.udTwenty-Four (24) male soccer players have been assessed and trained, all of themudpartecipating regularly in the 2013-2014 season at the National Championshipud"Professional Development Phase" (Allievi Professionisti) with Cagliari Calcio SPAudFootball Club. Hereinafter the anthropometric characteristics of the sample tested:ud16.33 ± 0.49 years, height 175 ± 6.3, 65.8 ± 6.8 weight.udThe 24 athletes were randomly included into two working groups: intermittent trainingudgroup (HI. No. 12) and repeated aerobic exercise group (R. Aer. No. 12). Playersudunderwent two separate sessions of evaluation tests. During the first session, in theudmorning, the players performed the vertical jump test (CMJ) with no counterudmovement (SJ). In the afternoon session the repeated sprint bouts were carried outud(RSA). Finally the next day the athletes underwent the tests for the aerobic powerud(V.BILLAT).udThe results regarding the Aerobic Group (R. Aer.) were respectively SJ and CMJ at T0ud36,95 ± 4,03cm; 37,44 ± 4,09cm; T1 to 37.99 ± 3.69 cm; 38.63 ± 3.96 cm;udin the RSA tests we obtained the following T0 and T1 values respectively: 7.690 ± 0.12uds; 7,585 ± 0,11s;udThe Billat test instead highlighted the following values ± 1506 67,26m; 1596.6 ±ud64,95m. The results regarding the Intermittent (HI) group were respectively SJ andudCMJ at T0 36,69 ± 4,99cm; 37,98 ± 3,97cm; T1 to 38.15 ± 4.79 cm; 39.79 ± 3.78 cm;udin the RSA tests we obtained the following T0 and T1 values respectively: 7.64 ± 0.11uds; 7.31 ± 0,11s; The Billat test instead highlighted the following values: 1537.3 ±ud77,70m; 1627.1 ± 72,29m. The results indicate one or more variations of theudinvestigated capacities between pre and post workout within the same group, and alsoudsuggest that by comparing the two methods, intermittent and repeated aerobic, the firstudof the two was more effective. The lack of a statistically significant difference on theudcapacity of aerobic performance evaluated through the Billat test suggests that bothudprotocols have their validity in improving this component. While as regards the RSAudtest a statistically significant change was detected in favor of the intermittent protocoludwith respect to the repeated aerobic bouts. This variation was found through theudreduction of the average execution time of the RSA test. Another result emerged fromudthe statistical analysis is that both training protocols had no negative effects onudneuromuscular skills assessed through the vertical jump test of the SJ and CMJ, this inudagreement with what was found in previous studies such as Mc Millan (2005) andudFerrari (2007), in which training protocols for the aerobic performance of the playerudvery similar to those used in this study were carried out. In conclusion the studyudindicated that the short high intensity intermittent method has proved more powerfuludthan the Repeated Sprint Ability Test (RSA), which is indicated by most researchersudas a key skill in football performance: we believe it respects mostly the kinematicudanalogies of the game, accelerations, decelerations and postural situations with minorudvariations of the bust concerning the various stages of the player's running (ParadisisudGP. e coll. 2001) by an increased recruitment of the fast fibers in the rapid typicaludaccelerations/decelerations of this sport. Furthermore we are inclined to hypothesizeudthat this research reshapes the use of bioenergetic systems, already studied by (DawsonudB. and coll. 1998), (to Ross, et al. 2001), it all along with the possibility of repeatingudthe sprint at a high intensity with partial recoveries while maintaining a high qualityudand the considerable advantage, being soccer a situational sport, to help keep up audgreater lucidity from a cognitive point of view and theoretically to select more logicaludand tactically effective choices .