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Use of color maps and wavelet coherence to discern seasonal and interannual climate influences on streamflow variability in northern catchments

机译:利用彩色图和小波相干性来识别季节和年际气候对北部流域流量变化的影响

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摘要

The higher midlatitudes of the northern hemisphere are particularly sensitive to change due to the important role the 0℃ isotherm plays in the phase of precipitation and intermediate storage as snow. An international intercatchment comparison program called North-Watch seeks to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of northern catchments to change by examining their hydrological and biogeochemical variability and response. Here eight North-Watch catchments located in Sweden (Krycklan), Scotland (Girnock and Strontian), the United States (Sleepers River, Hubbard Brook, and HJ Andrews), and Canada (Dorset and Wolf Creek) with 10 continuous years of daily precipitation and runoff data were selected to assess daily to seasonal coupling of precipitation (P) and runoff (Q) using wavelet coherency, and to explore the patterns and scales of variability in streamflow using color maps. Wavelet coherency revealed that P and Q were decoupled in catchments with cold winters, yet were strongly coupled during and immediately following the spring snowmelt freshet. In all catchments, coupling at shorter time scales occurred during wet periods when the catchment was responsive and storage deficits were small. At longer time scales, coupling reflected coherence between seasonal cycles, being enhanced at sites with enhanced seasonality in P. Color maps were applied as an alternative method to identify patterns and scales of flow variability. Seasonal versus transient flow variability was identified along with the persistence of that variability on influencing the flow regime. While exploratory in nature, this intercomparison exercise highlights the importance of climate and the 0
机译:北半球较高的中纬度对变化特别敏感,这是因为0℃等温线在降水和中间存储(如积雪)阶段起着重要作用。一个名为“北方观察”(North-Watch)的国际集水区比较计划,旨在通过研究北方集水区的水文和生物地球化学变异性和响应性,来增进我们对北方集水区变化敏感性的理解。这里有八个北守望集水区,分别位于瑞典(克雷克兰),苏格兰(格诺克和斯特龙),美国(斯利珀斯河,哈伯德布鲁克和HJ安德鲁斯)和加拿大(多塞特郡和沃尔夫克里克),连续10年每天降水选择流量和径流数据,以利用小波相干性来评估降水(P)和径流(Q)的每日至季节性耦合,并使用彩色图探索流量变化的模式和规模。小波相干性表明,P和Q在集水区与寒冷的冬季解耦,但在春季融雪新生期期间和之后立即强烈耦合。在所有集水区,在集水区反应灵敏且储水量少的湿润时期,会在较短的时间尺度上发生耦合。在较长的时间尺度上,季节性周期之间耦合的反射连贯性在P季节性增强的站点上得到增强。使用颜色图作为识别流量变化模式和尺度的替代方法。确定了季节性流量与瞬时流量的可变性,以及该可变性在影响流动状态方面的持续性。尽管本质上是探索性的,但这种比对活动突显了气候的重要性,并且

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