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Effects of spending time outdoors in daylight on the psychosocial well-being of older people and their family carers: a systematic review

机译:白天在户外度过的时间对老年人及其家庭照顾者的心理社会福祉的影响:系统评价

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摘要

Background: A range of studies found that spending time outdoors in daylight provided substantial benefits for the psychosocial well-being of older people. Good psychosocial well-being is essential in maintaining overall health as people age and often contributes to adequate physical functioning. Objectives: The overall objective of this study was to undertake a systematic review on the effects of spending time outdoors in daylight on the psychosocial well-being of older people and their family carers. Inclusion criteria Types of participants This review considered studies that included older people aged 55 years or more, including those living in a community or residential accommodation setting. In addition, this review considered family carers, who were defined as unpaid relatives or friends of an older person, who helped that individual with their activities of daily living. Types of intervention(s): The intervention of interest was spending time outdoors in daylight. Types of studies All experimental and epidemiological study designs including randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials published in the English language were included in this review. Types of outcomes: This review considered studies that included objective and/or subjective measures of psychosocial well-being for older people and their family carers. Search strategy The search aimed to find published and unpublished studies through electronic databases, reference lists, key reports and the World Wide Web. An extensive search was undertaken for the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest Central, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Databases were searched up to December 2013. Methodological quality: Methodological quality was assessed independently by three reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) checklists. Disagreements that arose between the reviewers were resolved through discussion. Data collection: Quantitative data were extracted from papers included in the review using the standardized data extraction tool from JBI-MAStARI. The data was individually extracted by two reviewers. Disagreements that arose between the reviewers were resolved through discussion. All results were subject to double data entry. Data synthesis: For this review statistical pooling of the data was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the studies; therefore, the findings are presented in narrative form. Results: A total of 13 studies were included in the final review. In the four studies that evaluated the effects of exposure to daylight on behavioral disturbances, there was no evidence of effect of daylight hours on physical and verbal aggression. There was some evidence to indicate that exposure to daylight for a period of time resulted in fewer depressive symptoms. Increasing the frequency of going outdoors was associated with better cognitive preservation over a one year period. Similarly exposure to daylight resulted in improved social functioning and improved quality of life. There were no studies that evaluated the effect of spending time outdoors in daylight on the psychosocial well-being of family carers, including carer satisfaction or carer stress.
机译:背景:一系列研究发现,白天在户外度过时间可以为老年人的心理社会福利带来巨大好处。随着年龄的增长,良好的社会心理健康对于维持整体健康至关重要,并且经常有助于身体的正常运作。目标:这项研究的总体目标是对白天花时间在户外对老年人及其家庭照顾者的心理社会福祉的影响进行系统的回顾。纳入标准参与者的类型该评论考虑的研究对象包括55岁以上的老年人,包括居住在社区或住宅区的老年人。此外,本评价还考虑了家庭护理人员,他们被定义为老年人的无偿亲戚或朋友,他们可以帮助该人开展日常生活。干预类型:感兴趣的干预是在户外白天度过时间。研究类型所有的实验和流行病学研究设计,包括以英语发布的随机对照试验和非随机对照试验,均纳入本评价。结果类型:本评价考虑了包括针对老年人及其家庭照顾者的心理社会福祉的客观和/或主观衡量指标的研究。搜索策略搜索旨在通过电子数据库,参考列表,关键报告和万维网来查找已发表和未发表的研究。对以下数据库进行了广泛的搜索:MEDLINE,CINAHL,Wiley在线图书馆,ProQuest Central,Scopus和Cochrane图书馆。检索了截至2013年12月的数据库。方法学质量:方法论质量由三名审阅者使用Joanna Briggs Institute统计评估和审查工具(JBI-MAStARI)的Meta分析进行独立评估。通过讨论解决了审稿人之间的分歧。数据收集:使用来自JBI-MAStARI的标准化数据提取工具从评论中的论文中提取定量数据。数据由两名审阅者分别提取。通过讨论解决了审稿人之间的分歧。所有结果均需输入两次数据。数据综合:由于研究的异质性,因此无法进行统计数据汇总。因此,调查结果以叙述形式呈现。结果:共有13项研究被纳入最终评价。在四项评估日光照射对行为障碍影响的研究中,没有证据表明日光照射时间对身体和言语攻击有影响。有证据表明,长时间暴露在日光下可减少抑郁症状。在一年的时间内,增加户外活动的频率与更好的认知保存能力有关。同样,暴露在日光下可以改善社交功能并改善生活质量。没有研究评估白天在户外度过的时间对家庭照顾者的心理社会福祉(包括照顾者满意度或照顾者压力)的影响。

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