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Deflection of uncooperative targets using laser ablation

机译:使用激光消融偏转不合作的目标

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摘要

Owing to their ability to move a target in space without requiring propellant, laser-based deflection methods have gained attention among the research community in the recent years. With laser ablation, the vaporized material is used to push the target itself allowing for a significant reduction in the mass requirement for a space mission. Specifically, this paper addresses two important issues which are thought to limit seriously the potential efficiency of a laser-deflection method: The impact of the tumbling motion of the target as well as the impact of the finite thickness of the material ablated in the case of a space debris. In this paper, we developed a steady-state analytical model based on energetic considerations in order to predict the efficiency range theoretically allowed by a laser deflection system in absence of the two aforementioned issues. A numerical model was then implemented to solve the transient heat equation in presence of vaporization and melting and account for the tumbling rate of the target. This model was also translated to the case where the target is a space debris by considering material properties of an aluminium 6061-T6 alloy and adapting at every time-step the size of the computational domain along with the recession speed of the interface in order to account for the finite thickness of the debris component. The comparison between the numerical results and the analytical predictions allow us to draw interesting conclusions regarding the momentum coupling achievable by a given laser deflection system both for asteroids and space debris in function of the flux, the rotation rate of the target and its material properties. In the last section of this paper, we show how a reasonably small spacecraft could deflect a 56m asteroid with a laser system requiring less than 5kW of input power.
机译:由于基于激光的偏转方法能够在不需要推进剂的情况下在太空中移动目标,因此近年来受到了研究界的关注。通过激光烧蚀,汽化的材料被用来推动目标本身,从而大大减少了太空任务的质量要求。具体而言,本文解决了两个重要问题,这些问题被认为严重限制了激光偏转方法的潜在效率:靶材的翻滚运动的影响以及材料被烧蚀时材料的有限厚度的影响。空间碎片。在本文中,我们基于能量考虑因素开发了稳态分析模型,以便在没有上述两个问题的情况下预测理论上激光偏转系统所允许的效率范围。然后实施了一个数值模型,以解决存在汽化和熔化的瞬态热方程,并说明了目标的翻滚速度。通过考虑铝6061-T6合金的材料特性并在每个时间步适应计算域的大小以及界面的退缩速度,该模型还被转换为目标为空间碎片的情况。占碎屑成分的有限厚度。数值结果与分析预测值之间的比较使我们能够得出关于给定的激光偏转系统对于小行星和空间碎片在通量,目标旋转速率及其材料特性方面均能实现的动量耦合的有趣结论。在本文的最后一部分,我们展示了一个相当小的太空飞船如何利用激光系统来偏转56m小行星,而该激光系统的输入功率不到5kW。

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