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Recent advances in laser ablation modelling for asteroid deflection methods

机译:用于小行星偏转方法的激光烧蚀建模的最新进展

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摘要

Over the past few years, a series of studies have demonstrated the theoretical benefits of using laser ablation in order to mitigate the threat of a potential asteroid on a collision course with earth. Compared to other slow-push mitigation strategies, laser ablation allows for a significant reduction in fuel consumption since the ablated material is used as propellant. A precise modelling of the ablation process is however difficult due to the high variability in the physical parameters encountered among the different asteroids as well as the scarcity of experimental studies available in the literature. In this paper, we derive a new thermal model to simulate the efficiency of a laser-based detector. The useful material properties are first derived from thermochemical tables and equilibrium thermodynamic considerations. These properties are then injected in a 3D axisymetrical thermal model developed in Matlab. A temperature-dependent conduction flux is imposed on the exterior boundary condition that takes into account the balance between the incident power and the power losses due to the vaporization process across the Knudsen layer and the radiations respectively. A non-linear solver is finally used and the solution integrated over the ablation front to reconstruct the net thrust and the global mass flow. Compared to an initial 1D model, this new approach shows the importance of the parietal radiation losses in the case of a CW laser. Despite the low energy conversion efficiency, this new model still demonstrates the theoretical benefit of using lasers over more conventional low-thrust strategies.
机译:在过去的几年中,一系列研究证明了使用激光烧蚀来减轻与地球碰撞过程中潜在小行星的威胁的理论益处。与其他慢推缓和策略相比,激光烧蚀可以显着降低燃料消耗,因为烧蚀的材料被用作推进剂。然而,由于在不同的小行星之间遇到的物理参数的高度可变性以及文献中缺乏可进行的实验研究,因此很难对烧蚀过程进行精确的建模。在本文中,我们导出了一个新的热模型来模拟基于激光的探测器的效率。有用的材料特性首先从热化学表和平衡热力学考虑中得出。然后将这些属性注入在Matlab中开发的3D轴对称热模型中。在外部边界条件上施加了取决于温度的传导通量,该条件考虑了入射功率和功率因分别穿过Knudsen层和辐射的蒸发过程而造成的功率损耗之间的平衡。最后使用非线性解算器,并将解决方案集成在消融前端上,以重建净推力和整体质量流量。与最初的一维模型相比,这种新方法显示了在连续波激光器中壁面辐射损失的重要性。尽管能量转换效率低,但该新模型仍然证明了使用激光相比于传统的低推力策略具有理论上的优势。

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