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Avian pest control in vineyards is driven by interactions between bird functional diversity and landscape heterogeneity

机译:鸟类功能多样性与景观异质性之间的相互作用推动了葡萄园中鸟类害虫的防治

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摘要

1.Insectivorous birds are increasingly recognised for the crucial pest control services they provide to agroecosystems. While both the foraging activity and functional diversity of birds are enhanced by multi-scale habitat heterogeneity, little is known about how these relationships may influence avian top–down control of insects. Specifically, interactive effects of bird community structure and habitat heterogeneity on pest control across spatial scales have rarely been explored.[br/]2.We sampled bird communities and measured avian predation on plasticine model prey, as a proxy for lepidopteran pest control, in 20 vineyards of south-western France. Vineyards differed both in sward heterogeneity at the local scale and amount of surrounding semi-natural habitats at the landscape scale. Functional diversity metrics and community-weighted mean traits were computed for bird communities based on a species–trait table including diet, foraging method, nesting site, migration strategy, laying date, home range size, clutch size and body mass. We used mixed models to test for the interacting effects of habitat heterogeneity and bird functional diversity on avian predation rates of plasticine prey.[br/]3.Contrary to expectations, bird functional diversity decreased with landscape-scale heterogeneity, but was higher in vineyards managed with heterogeneous sward structures. In contrast, foliage-gleaning insectivores were more abundant in landscapes supporting more semi-natural habitats, suggesting an increase in their contribution to pest control along the landscape heterogeneity gradient. Accordingly, we found that avian predation on plasticine prey increased with bird functional evenness both in more heterogeneous vineyards at the local scale and in landscape mosaics supporting more semi-natural habitats.[br/]4.Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that habitat heterogeneity at both local and landscape scales influenced avian insectivory in vineyard agroecosystems by interacting with bird community structure. It provides important insights for ecological intensification in vineyards, pointing out that management options need to be adapted to both the functional composition of local bird communities and landscape context. We suggest that both on-field and off-field management can be used to enhance natural pest control services provided by birds in vineyards, especially by favouring sward heterogeneity and patches of semi-natural habitats within large vineyard stands at the landscape scale.
机译:1.食虫鸟类因其为农业生态系统提供的关键害虫控制服务而得到越来越多的认可。尽管鸟类的觅食活动和功能多样性都因多尺度生境异质性而得到增强,但对于这些关系如何影响禽类自上而下控制昆虫的知之甚少。具体而言,很少探讨鸟类群落结构和生境异质性在空间尺度上对害虫控制的互动影响。[br /] 2。我们对鸟类群落进行了采样,并在橡皮泥模型猎物上测量了鸟类捕食,以作为鳞翅目害虫控制的代名词。法国西南部的20个葡萄园。葡萄园在局部尺度上的草地异质性和在景观尺度上周围的半自然生境的数量都不同。根据物种特征表(包括饮食,觅食方法,筑巢地点,迁徙策略,产卵日期,家畜范围大小,离合器大小和体重),为鸟类群落计算功能多样性指标和社区加权平均特征。我们使用混合模型测试了栖息地异质性和鸟类功能多样性对橡皮泥猎物鸟类捕食率的相互作用。[br /] 3。与预期相反,鸟类功能多样性随景观尺度异质性而降低,但在葡萄园中更高通过异类草地结构进行管理。相比之下,在支持更多半自然生境的景观中,吸叶食虫的数量更多,这表明它们在景观异质性梯度上对害虫控制的贡献增加。因此,我们发现,在当地范围内更多种类的葡萄园和支持更多半自然生境的景观马赛克中,鸟类对鸟类的可塑性的增加都使橡皮泥猎物的捕食功能增加。[4]。综合与应用。我们的研究表明,本地和景观尺度上的栖息地异质性都通过与鸟类群落结构的相互作用影响了葡萄园农业生态系统中的鸟类食虫性。它为葡萄园中的生态集约化提供了重要的见解,并指出需要根据当地鸟类群落的功能组成和景观环境来调整管理方案。我们建议现场管理和非现场管理都可以用来增强葡萄园中鸟类提供的自然害虫防治服务,特别是通过促进草地异化和景观规模上大型葡萄园林立的半自然生境斑块。

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