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Moving into advanced nanomaterials. Toxicity of rutile TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized in nanokaolin nanocomposites on HepG2 cell line

机译:进入先进的纳米材料。纳米高岭土纳米复合材料中固定的金红石型TiO2纳米颗粒对HepG2细胞的毒性

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摘要

Immobilization of nanoparticles on inorganic supports has been recently developed, resulting in the creation of nanocomposites. Concerning titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs(1)), these have already been developed in conjugation with clays, but so far there are no available toxicological studies on these nanocomposites. The present work intended to evaluate the hepatic toxicity of nanocomposites (C-TiO2(2)), constituted by rutile TiO2 NPs immobilized in nanokaolin (NK(3)) clay, and its individual components. These nanomaterials were analysed by means of FE-SEM(4) and DLS(5) analysis for physicochemical characterization. HepG2 cells were exposed to rutile TiO2 NPs, NK clay and C-TiO2 nanocomposite, in the presence and absence of serum for different exposure periods. Possible interferences with the methodological procedures were determined for MTT,(6) neutral red uptake, alamar blue (AB), LDH,(7) and comet assays, for all studied nanomaterials. Results showed that MTT, AB and alkaline comet assay were suitable for toxicity analysis of the present materials after slight modifications to the protocol. Significant decreases in cell viability were observed after exposure to all studied nanomaterials. Furthermore, an increase in HepG2 DNA damage was observed after shorter periods of exposure in the absence of serum proteins and longer periods of exposure in their presence. Although the immobilization of nanoparticles in micron-sized supports could, in theory, decrease the toxicity of single nanoparticles, the selection of a suitable support is essential. The present results suggest that NK clay is not the appropriate substrate to decrease TiO2 NPs toxicity. Therefore, for future studies, it is critical to select a more appropriate substrate for the immobilization of TiO2 NPs.
机译:最近已经开发了将纳米颗粒固定在无机载体上的方法,从而产生了纳米复合材料。关于二氧化钛纳米颗粒(TiO2 NPs(1)),已经与粘土共轭而开发了这些纳米颗粒,但到目前为止,尚无关于这些纳米复合材料的毒理学研究。本工作旨在评估纳米复合材料(C-TiO2(2))的肝毒性,该纳米复合物由固定在纳米高岭土(NK(3))粘土中的金红石型TiO2 NP及其各个组分组成。通过FE-SEM(4)和DLS(5)分析对这些纳米材料进行了理化表征。在存在和不存在血清的情况下,将HepG2细胞暴露于金红石型TiO2 NP,NK粘土和C-TiO2纳米复合材料中的时间不同。对于所有研究的纳米材料,确定了MTT,(6)中性红吸收,阿拉玛蓝(AB),LDH,(7)和彗星试验对方法学程序的可能干扰。结果表明,对方案稍加修改后,MTT,AB和碱性彗星试验适用于本材料的毒性分析。暴露于所有研究的纳米材料后,观察到细胞活力显着下降。此外,在没有血清蛋白的情况下进行更短的暴露时间以及在其存在下进行更长时间的暴露后,观察到HepG2 DNA损伤的增加。虽然理论上将纳米颗粒固定在微米级载体上可以降低单个纳米颗粒的毒性,但选择合适的载体至关重要。目前的结果表明,NK粘土不是降低TiO2 NPs毒性的合适基质。因此,对于未来的研究,至关重要的是选择一种更合适的基质来固定TiO2 NP。

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