首页> 外文OA文献 >The mitochondrial phylogeny of an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes (Polypteridae) with implications for the evolution of body elongation, pelvic fin loss, and craniofacial morphology in Osteichthyes.
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The mitochondrial phylogeny of an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes (Polypteridae) with implications for the evolution of body elongation, pelvic fin loss, and craniofacial morphology in Osteichthyes.

机译:古老的鳍鳍鱼类(Polypteridae)的线粒体系统发育,对骨鱼类的身体伸长,骨盆鳍损失和颅面形态演变具有影响。

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摘要

BACKGROUND: The family Polypteridae, commonly known as "bichirs", is a lineage that diverged early in the evolutionary history of Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish), but has been the subject of far less evolutionary study than other members of that clade. Uncovering patterns of morphological change within Polypteridae provides an important opportunity to evaluate if the mechanisms underlying morphological evolution are shared among actinoptyerygians, and in fact, perhaps the entire osteichthyan (bony fish and tetrapods) tree of life. However, the greatest impediment to elucidating these patterns is the lack of a well-resolved, highly-supported phylogenetic tree of Polypteridae. In fact, the interrelationships of polypterid species have never been subject to molecular phylogenetic analysis. Here, we infer the first molecular phylogeny of bichirs, including all 12 recognized species and multiple subspecies using Bayesian analyses of 16S and cyt-b mtDNA. We use this mitochondrial phylogeny, ancestral state reconstruction, and geometric morphometrics to test whether patterns of morphological evolution, including the evolution of body elongation, pelvic fin reduction, and craniofacial morphology, are shared throughout the osteichthyan tree of life. RESULTS: Our molecular phylogeny reveals 1) a basal divergence between Erpetoichthys and Polypterus, 2) polyphyly of P. endlicheri and P. palmas, and thus 3) the current taxonomy of Polypteridae masks its underlying genetic diversity. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that pelvic fins were lost independently in Erpetoichthys, and unambiguously estimate multiple independent derivations of body elongation and shortening. Our mitochondrial phylogeny suggested species that have lower jaw protrusion and up-righted orbit are closely related to each other, indicating a single transformation of craniofacial morphology. CONCLUSION: The mitochondrial phylogeny of polypterid fish provides a strongly-supported phylogenetic framework for future comparative evolutionary, physiological, ecological, and genetic analyses. Indeed, ancestral reconstruction and geometric morphometric analyses revealed that the patterns of morphological evolution in Polypteridae are similar to those seen in other osteichthyans, thus implying the underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible for those patterns were established early in the evolutionary history of Osteichthyes. We propose developmental and genetic mechanisms to be tested under the light of this new phylogenetic framework.
机译:背景:Poly科(Polypteridae),通常被称为“比希尔犬”(Bihirhirs),是在放线放线(Actinopterygii)(射线鳍鱼)的进化史中早有分歧的血统,但与该进化枝的其他成员相比,进化研究的对象少得多。揭示Poly科内形态变化的模式提供了一个重要的机会,可用来评估形态进化的基本机制是否在放线放线菌者之间,乃至整个生命的整骨(te鱼和四足动物)之间共享。但是,阐明这些模式的最大障碍是缺少一个良好解析的,高度支持的Poly科系统发育树。实际上,多肽类物种之间的相互关系从未进行过分子系统发育分析。在这里,我们使用16S和cyt-b mtDNA的贝叶斯分析推断双歧杆菌的第一个分子系统发育,包括所有12个公认的物种和多个亚种。我们使用这种线粒体的系统发育,祖先状态重建和几何形态计量学来测试在整个osteichthyan树上是否共享了形态进化的模式,包括身体伸长,骨盆鳍减少和颅面形态的进化。结果:我们的分子系统发育揭示了1)蛇足鱼和息肉之间的基础差异,2)末端对虾和棕榈对虾的复生,因此3)当今对虾科的分类学掩盖了其潜在的遗传多样性。祖先状态的重建表明骨鳍在Erpetoichthys中是独立丢失的,并且明确地估计了多个独立的身体伸长和缩短的派生方法。我们的线粒体系统发育表明,下颌突出和眶直立的物种彼此密切相关,表明颅面形态发生了单一转变。结论:鱼类的线粒体系统发育为未来的比较进化,生理,生态和遗传分析提供了强有力的系统发育框架。确实,祖先的重建和几何形态分析表明,Poly科的形态进化模式与其他骨科鱼类相似,因此暗示了负责这些模式的潜在遗传和发育机制已在骨鱼类的进化史中得以确立。我们提出了根据这种新的系统发育框架来测试的发育和遗传机制。

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