Étude du comportement, de la capacité, et de la rigidité en flexion de colonnes circulaires en béton armé de barres et de spirales PRF chargées excentriquement

摘要

Abstract : Deterioration of concrete structures reinforced with steel bars can be seen daily in regions with aggressive weather as steel-corrosion problems worsen. Fiber-reinforced-polymers (FRP) reinforcement has proven its feasibility through different civil structural elements. Present guidelines for FRP structures in North-America and Europe have not yet handled axially loaded members, due to the lack of research and experiments. This research takes charge of providing experimental database as well as extensive analyses and design recommendations of circular concrete columns reinforced totally with different FRP bars and spirals/hoops (FRP-RC columns). Full-scale columns were tested under monotonic loading with different levels of eccentricity. Test variables included the eccentricity-to-diameter ratio (e/D); reinforcement type (GFRP and CFRP vs. steel); concrete strength; longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratio; and confinement configuration. All specimens measured 305 mm diameter and 1500 mm height. Test results indicated that specimens reinforced with glass-FRP (GFRP) or carbon-FRP (CFRP) reached their peak strengths with no damages to GFRP or CFRP rebar on either side of specimens. Specimens with CFRP reinforcement (CFRP-RC) behaved very similarly to their steel counterparts, and achieved almost the same nominal axial forces. Specimens with GFRP reinforcement (GFRP-RC) exhibited, however, reduced stiffness and achieved lower nominal axial forces than their steel or CFRP counterparts. Failure of GFRP-RC and CFRP-RC specimens was dominated by concrete crushing at low levels of eccentricity (e/D ratios of 8.2% and 16.4%). Experimental strain results revealed that GFRP bars developed high levels of strains and stresses on the compression and tension sides and hence the GFRP-RC specimens could sustain constant axial load after peak for some time up to the limit of concrete crushing at higher levels of eccentricity (e/D ratios of 8.2% and 16.4%), which help to delay the full damage. At these levels, flexural–tension failure initiated in the GFRP-RC specimens resulting from large axial and lateral deformations and cracks on the tension side until secondary compression failure occurred due to strain limitations in concrete and degradation of the concrete compressive block. The failure of CFRP-RC specimens at higher levels of eccentricity (e/D ratios of 8.2% and 16.4%) was characterized as flexural–compression in which it took place in a less brittle manner. On the other hand, this research also included different studies to analyze the test results, evaluate rebar efficiency, and provide recommendations for analysis and design. It was, therefore, indicated that the axial and flexural capacities of the tested FRP-RC specimens could be reasonably predicted using plane sectional analysis, utilizing the equivalent rectangular stress block (ERSB) parameters given by the ACI 440.1R-15 or CSA S806-12. All predictions underestimated the actual strength with variable levels of conservatism ranged between 1.05 to 1.25 for the GFRP-RC specimens and between 1.20 to 1.40 for the CFRP-RC specimens. These levels were noticeably reduced to critical limits in specimens with high-strength concretes. An elaborate review was made to the available ERSB parameters in the present steel and FRP design standards and guidelines. Modified expressions of the ERSB given in ACI 440.1R-15 and CSA S806-12 were developed. The results indicated good correlation of predicted and measured strength values with enhanced levels of conservatism. Additionally, sets of axial force–bending moment (P-M) interaction diagrams and indicative bar charts are introduced, and recommendations drawn. The compressive-strength contribution of FRP reinforcement was thoroughly reviewed and discussed. The minimum GFRP and CFRP reinforcement ratios to avoid rebar rupturing were broadly examined. Finally, the flexure stiffness (EI) of the tested specimens was analytically determined and compared with the available expressions using experimental and analytical M-ψ responses. Proposed equations are developed and validated against the experimental results to represent the stiffness of GFRP-RC and CFRP-RC columns at service and ultimate levels.