A numerical model of river ice interaction with bridge piers is presented. The model is based on a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) approach combined with a viscous plastic ice rheology. The plastic yield follows a Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The Zhang-Hibler (1997) numerical scheme is used to solve the momentum equations. The model is used in this paper to examine the role of the shape of the structure, ice thickness, ice properties, and velocity on the resulting ice forces. The results show good agreement with field measurements.
展开▼
