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Cereal yield and quality as affected by N availability in organic and conventional crop rotations in Denmark: a combined modeling and experimental approach

机译:丹麦有机和常规作物轮作中氮素供应对谷物产量和品质的影响:模拟和实验相结合的方法

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摘要

The effects of nitrogen (N) availability related to fertilizer type, catch crop management, and rotation composition on cereal yield and grain N were investigated in four organic and one conventional cropping systems in Denmark using the FASSET model. The four-year rotation studied was: spring barley–(faba bean or grass-clover)– potato–winter wheat. Experiments were done at three locations representative of the different soil types and climatic conditions in Denmark. The three organic systems that included faba bean as the N fixing crop comprised a system with manure (stored pig slurry) and undersowing catch crops (OF+C+M), a system with manure but without undersowing catch crops (OF−C + M), and a system without manure and with catch crops (OF + C−M). A grass-clover green manure was used asNfixing crop in the other organic system with catch crops (OG+C+M). Cuttings of grass-clover were removed from the plots and an equivalent amount of total-N in pig slurry was applied to the cropping system. The conventional rotation included mineral fertilizer and catch crops (CF+C+F), although only non-legume catch crops were used. Measurements of cereal dry matter (DM) at harvest and of grain N contents were done in all plots. On average the FASSET model was able to predict the yield and grain N of cereals with a reasonable accuracy for the range of cropping systems and soil types studied, having a particularly good performance on winter wheat. Cereal yields were better on the more loamy soil. DM yield and grain N content were mainly influenced by the type and amount of fertilizer-N at all three locations. Although a catch crop benefit in terms of yield and grain N was observed in most of the cases, a limited N availability affected the cereal production in the four organic systems. Scenario analyses conducted with the FASSET model indicated the possibility of increasing N fertilization without significantly affecting N leaching if there is an adequate catch crop management. This would also improve yields of cereal production of organic farming in Denmark.
机译:使用FASSET模型,在丹麦的四种有机种植系统和一种常规种植系统中,研究了与肥料类型,农作物管理和轮作组成有关的氮素有效性对谷物产量和籽粒氮的影响。研究的四年轮换时间是:春季大麦-(蚕豆或三叶草)-马铃薯-冬小麦。在代表丹麦不同土壤类型和气候条件的三个地点进行了实验。包括蚕豆作为固氮作物的三种有机系统包括:带有肥料(储存的猪粪)和底播收获作物(OF + C + M)的系统,带有肥料但没有底播收获作物的系统(OF-C + M) ),以及没有肥料和农作物(OF + CM)的系统。草三叶草绿肥在其他有机农作物(OG + C + M)中用作固氮作物。从地块上除去了三叶草的插条,并将等量的猪粪中的总氮施用到了种植系统中。尽管只使用了非豆类的农作物,但常规轮作包括矿物肥料和农作物(CF + C + F)。在所有土地上都进行了收获时谷物干物质(DM)和籽粒N含量的测量。平均而言,FASSET模型能够针对所研究的耕作系统和土壤类型范围以合理的精度预测谷物的产量和籽粒氮,在冬小麦上表现尤为出色。在较肥沃的土壤上,谷物产量更高。 DM产量和籽粒N含量主要受这三个位置的氮肥类型和氮含量的影响。尽管在大多数情况下都观察到了在产量和籽粒氮方面的收获农作物收益,但有限的氮供应量影响了四种有机系统中的谷物产量。用FASSET模型进行的情景分析表明,如果有足够的捕捞作物管理措施,则可以增加氮肥的施用而不会显着影响氮的淋失。这也将提高丹麦有机农业谷物生产的单产。

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