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Female sterility in Ulmus minor (Ulmaceae): a hypothesis invoking the cost of sex in a clonal plant.

机译:小榆(榆科)中的女性不育:一种假说在无性系植物中引起性成本。

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摘要

A high incidence of individuals with low seed set was found in two populations of the field elm Ulmus minor, a European tree that reproduces sexually and via vegetative propagation through root sprouting. One population was a seminatural stand, while the other was established by artificial propagation of genotypes sampled widely across Spain. The low seed set in both populations was due to both pre- and post-zygotic factors, the importance of which vary between genotypes. These factors included gynoecial malformations that produced a non-ovulated pistil, early gynoecial necrosis (i.e., necrosis before any opportunities for pollination), and seed abortion. Female sterility gave rise to two classes of individuals: trees that were largely female-sterile but dispersed normal quantities of viable pollen, and trees that dispersed both normal pollen and substantial numbers of seeds. Reduced production of protein-rich seeds may increase the resource availability for clonal propagation, helping to maintain female-sterile individuals with hermaphrodites.
机译:在两个榆树榆木小田鼠中发现了低种子结实的个体,这是一种欧洲树,通过有性繁殖和无性繁殖通过根部萌芽繁殖。一个种群是半自然林分,而另一种群是通过人工繁殖在西班牙广泛采样的基因型而建立的。两种种群中种子的定植率低都是由于合子前后的原因,其重要性在基因型之间有所不同。这些因素包括产生无排卵雌蕊的妇科畸形,早期妇科坏死(即在授粉前有坏死)和种子流产。女性不育导致两类个体:大体上是女性不育但散布正常数量的可行花粉的树木,以及散布正常花粉和大量种子的树木。蛋白质含量高的种子产量减少可能会增加克隆繁殖的资源利用率,从而有助于保持雌雄同体的雌性不育个体。

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